Carennac (Lot) - Abelard and Héloïse ? Henry the Second and Eleanor of Aquitaine ?
Two lovers in sinful union, on an internal capital.
This is one of the few Romanesque churches where the original paint on the
sculptures survives.
The sculptures we see now are dull monochrome compared with their richly (if
not gaudily) coloured heyday.
They prefigure and predate the famous lovers Francesca da Rimini and Paolo,
described in Hell
by Dante
not long after the end of the twelfth century. Francesca's husband was Paolo's
deformed brother.
On the left are hellish monsters. The figure on the right, however, is not
Dante's Virgil but a disapproving ecclesiastic.
For an even more notorious couple was closer at hand: theologian-monk
Peter Abelard
and the intellectual nun Héloïse. As a result of their forbidden
liaison, Abelard was castrated.
Great princes had also been condemned for Adultery - notably Robert the Pious,
Philip the First,
and Henry II of England whose wife Eleanor of Aquitaine was previously married
- without issue - to
the King of France.
It is just possible that couples in this kind of pose (as at Studland
in Dorset)
might have been influenced by Indian
statues which came from a very different religious awareness.
Indian sculpture led to the very common motif
of the foliage-spewer,
and just possibly had an influence on the Insular female
exhibitionists.
Compare also this little Nabatæan ?amulet from Petra:
more Romanesque couples:
Tayac (Gironde)
Monbos (Dordogne)
Biollet (Puy-de-Dôme) - the coupling couple
are here surmounted by a suckling she-wolf,
thus, in the ageless trickery of propaganda, linking one rural danger
with another.
(click for another
capital at Biollet)
Chermignac (Charente-Maritime) - note the long
tresses of the female and the beard of the male,
and the proximity of a bearded horn-blower in a quilted tunic.
-
Corme-Ecluse (Charente-Maritime)
Châteaumeillant (Cher)
Velles (Lot) - this couple is being swallowed by the
jaws of Hell
(compare the figure at Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val)
see also: Devizes (Wiltshire) >
Saint-Savinien,
Melle (Deux-Sèvres)
>
Nieul-le-Virouil (Charente)
>
Saint-Ouenne (Charente)
>
Maillezais (Vendée)
>
Berrioplano (Navarra) >
By
contrast, here is a late-seventh century BC terracotta from Metapontum,
a Greek colony in Southern Italy. It represents Sacred (or ritual) Marriage.